Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon Essays

Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon Essays Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon Essay Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon Essay In investigating to what extent local, national and European economies impact on two contrasting organisations within the UK, Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon provide a interesting and informative perspective to base this on. An organisation has traditionally been defined as a group of people with a common purpose. According to this view, the organisation is a distinct entity separate from its environment. This means that if the organisations environment changes the organisations has to adapt. So in looking at economics, which is essentially an organisations environment, you need to understand what exactly economics are. The fact is economics affect our daily lives. Continually we are being made aware of local, national and international economic problems, and continually we are faced with economic problems and decisions of our own. Basically economics is essentially about money. This is measured by how much money people are paid, how much they spend, what it is costs to buy various items, how much moneys firms earn and how much money there is in total in the economy. But despite the large number of areas in which our lives are concerned with money, economics is more than just the study of money. There are many areas such as the production and consumption of goods, demand and supply, which affect organisations. With this is mine two UK companies which have been affected heavily in recent years buy local, national and European Economies are Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon. They have been affected in very different ways and this report will try and demonstrate the ways in which these companies have been affected. Vauxhall Motors Firstly Vauxhall Motors is one of the longest established motor manufacturers in the world, and part of the worlds largest corporation General Motors. Founded in 1903 the company now employs 7,000 people directly, and supports an estimated 30,000 further jobs in the UK. It is estimated that approximately 100,000 people are employed throughout the entire supply chain to support Vauxhalls presence in the UK from raw material suppliers to dealership staff. One major manufacturing facility, UK parts warehouse and headquarters are located in the Luton area. The second major manufacturing facility where the Astra is produced was opened in Ellesmere Port in 1963, and in 1992 a major engine facility was added, exporting V6 engines and components throughout the world. Latest Position During 2001 car production continued at both the UK sites. As part of Europe-wide restructuring to stem losses and return GMs European operations to profitability, 2000 ended with the difficult announcement that car production at the Luton plant would cease in 2002. Throughout the year the manufacturing plant developed and implemented a strategy for a dignified end of production, scheduled for the end of March 2002. For a look at its current position please see appendix A. On the same site is Vauxhall Powertrain, which produces V6 engines for GM-Fiat Powertrain customers around the world. With increased sales volumes in 2001 the company became the leading supplier of UK-produced vehicles to the domestic market, and Vauxhall also boasts the widest range of UK-manufactured cars and vans, including Astra, Astravan Frontera, Vectra and Vivaro. Vauxhalls average total employment for the year was 8,362, excluding some 500 staff transferred to GM Fiat powertrain and purchasing joint ventures during 2001. With the plant at Ellesmere Port, Vauxhall is the largest private employer in Cheshire. Also for employees, Vauxhall have enhanced Family Friendly policies, offering a new industry-leading maternity and paternity benefit programme. Retail operations are provided by 507 franchised retailers throughout the UK. From looking at Vauxhall current position you can see its main aim to get back to profitability. (See appendix B) JD Wetherspoon JD Wetherspoon on the other hand is a fairly new company and has an organic growth in process. A 24-year-old law student named Tim Martin acquired his first ever pub in North London in December 1979, but he could never have envisaged how popular his style of operation was to prove. He is said to have been spurred on by the lack of good quality pubs in the area where he was living, he decided to take action by purchasing the outlet he drank in, which he named Wetherspoons. His first pub offered a good range of cask-conditioned beers in a music-free environment. Twenty years on, the range of beers and the absence of any music, form the twin cornerstones of the companys pubs, together with their all-day food and non-smoking areas. In the formative years of the company, Wetherspoon pubs were all located in North London. But, as the company grew, it began to open pubs across London and in the Home Counties. Following its successful Stock Market floatation in 1992, Wetherspoon began to expand rapidly. In 1994 it opened its first pub in the Midlands, The Square Peg in Birmingham, followed by others in major cities, including Bristol, Liverpool and Manchester. (See appendix C) Latest Position There are now more than 435 Wetherspoon outlets throughout the UK. The company aims to continue opening new pubs for the foreseeable future. Wetherspoon Chairman Tim Martin said: in the past 20 years Wetherspoon has grown from a single pub to a national company. However our commitment to comfortable, music-free pubs offering excellent beer, all-day food and first-class service has remained consistent, regardless of the size of the company. Wetherspoon is set to open approximately 80 new Pubs and Lloyds No.1 bars during the next 12 months as it builds on a record-breaking year. In the financial year ended July 28 2002, the companys turnover and pre-tax profits were at their highest levels ever. A total of 87 outlets opened across the UK in the year, including unprecedented numbers of Lloyds bars and Wetherspoon Lodges. (Please see appendix D) Types of Organisations There are many ways of classifying organisations: large, medium or small; local, national or international; primary, secondary or tertiary. However for the purpose of this report the best way to define them is either private, public, charitable and voluntary. Both Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon are Private organisations. Vauxhall is a larger company than JD Wetherspoon. Vauxhall has international links where JD Wetherspoon is UK based. Essentially both companies provide a service to its customers and would be considered large companies. The service they provide is very different and they dont have any link, or hopefully they shouldnt. The main thing to remember between the two from there latest positions are one is in decline (Vauxhall Motors) and the other is growing rapidly (JD Wetherspoon). Organisations Purpose, Aims and Objectives Organisations need to have aims and objectives to be able to focus on the clear direction needed for success in the modern business world. The aim is the overarching goal for the organisation, which can be broken down into a subset of objectives to achieve the aim. Business organisations aims usually relate to profit, market share, return on capital employed, sales, growth, levels of service and customer/user perception. In the case of both Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon this is no different. Vauxhall Motors In 2000 reported that the main economic challenge for Vauxhall was returning to profitability. Although economic performance in 2001 went some way to reversing the losses witnessed in 2000, a return to profitability remains the overriding economic challenge for the company. Following the launch of a record four new products in 2000, a further four new vehicles were launched in 2001 (Vivaro, Combo, Corsavan and Astra convertible) assisting sales through the year, and with the launch of New Vectra in 2002 and extensive cost saving and revenue building programmes in place, Vauxhall aims to break even in 2002 and return to sustained profitability in 2003. So using initiative and new ideas is an objective of Vauxhall to get back to profitability. But essential Vauxhall have much the same objectives as of any other company. JD Wetherspoon The organisation owns and operates pubs throughout the UK. Without the gimmies of profit, market share etc. The company aims to provide customers with good-quality food and drink, served by well-trained and friendly staff, at reasonable prices (See appendix E). The pubs are individually designed and excellently maintained. This has been an underpinning aim of JD Wetherspoon as they look to such areas of customer loyalty as a method of increasing profits. Some companies, especially pubs, have not had this in mine and there is not enough emphasis on customer service. JD Wetherspoon is said to be always committed to quality, choice and value. JD Wetherspoon has taken a simple idea that people go to pubs for good beer, food and service, in a clean and friendly environment and turned it into a major success story; one which is growing by two new openings each week. JD Wetherspoon is said to give as much back to our people as possible and have one of the best benefits packages in the business. The other major aim is to continue its rapid growth this is proving the country with jobs. Essential Vauxhall are trying to claw its way back where as JD Wetherspoon is onwards and upwards with its aims and objectives. Responsibilities Organisations have a range of responsibilities to their stakeholders. Both these organisations have many responsibilities. Social During 2001 Vauxhall developed an umbrella social policy, which summarises a number of existing policies into a single document. The aim of the policy is to communicate better with employees and the wider public on key issues to Vauxhall, including health and safety, human rights, equal opportunities, community involvement and supplier conduct. A look at the Vauxhalls social highlight and challenge can be seen in appendices F and G. Environmental Responsibility for environmental issues is delegated throughout the company, from the Managing Director, who is the main board environmental champion, to the shop floor. Corporate issues are discussed and agreed by the Environmental Issues Team, which comprises individuals with environmental responsibilities from various parts of the company. So essentially Vauxhall are meeting their responsibilities in designing schemes and methods to measure this. Vauxhall have also won many awards in this area (See appendix H).A look at the Vauxhalls environmental challenge can be seen in appendix I. JD Wetherspoon has more social responsibilities due to the area of the pub business. This is in the sense of the area of alcohol, which is not socially responsible in the first place. JD Wetherspoon is meeting its responsibilities by been profitable and providing excellent quality of service.

Everything You Need to Know About Anti-Vaxxers

Everything You Need to Know About Anti-Vaxxers Per the CDC, during January 2015, there were 102 reported cases of measles across 14 states; most linked to an outbreak at Disney Land in Anaheim, California. In 2014, a record 644 cases were reported across 27 states- the highest number since measles was considered eliminated in 2000. The majority of these cases were reported among unvaccinated individuals, with more than half  located in an Amish community in Ohio. According to the  CDC, this resulted in a dramatic 340 percent increase in measles cases between 2013 and 2014. Despite the fact that ample scientific research has disproven the falsely asserted connection between Autism and vaccinations, increasing numbers of parents are choosing to not vaccinate their children for a number of preventable and potentially fatal diseases, including measles, polio, meningitis, and whooping cough. So, who are the anti-vaxxers? And, what motivates their behavior? Pew Research Center found in a recent study of the difference between scientists and the publics views on key issues that just 68 percent of U.S. adults believe that childhood vaccinations should be required by law. Digging deeper into this data, Pew released another report in 2015 that sheds more light on views on vaccinations. Given all the media attention to the purported wealthy nature of anti-vaxxers, what they found might surprise you. Their survey revealed that the only key variable that significantly shapes whether one believes vaccinations should be required or be the decision of parents is age. Young adults are much more likely to believe that parents should have the right to choose, with 41 percent of those 18-29 years old claiming this, compared with 30 percent of the overall adult population.  They found no significant effect of class,  race, gender, education, or parental status. However, Pews findings are limited to views on vaccines. When we examine practices- who is vaccinating their children versus who is not- very clear economic, educational, and cultural trends emerge. Anti-Vaxxers Are Predominantly Wealthy and White Several studies have found that recent outbreaks among unvaccinated populations have been clustered among upper and middle-income populations. A study published in 2010 in  Pediatrics  that examined a 2008 measles outbreak in San Diego, CA found that  reluctance to vaccinate ... was associated with health beliefs, particularly among well-educated, upper- and middle-income segments of the population, similar to those seen in measles outbreak patterns elsewhere in 2008 [emphasis added]. An older study, published in Pediatrics  in 2004, found similar trends, but in addition, tracked race. The researchers found,  Unvaccinated children tended to be white, to have a mother who was married and had a college degree, [and] to live in a household with an annual income exceeding 75,000 dollars. Writing in  Los Angeles Times, Dr. Nina Shapiro,  Director of Pediatric Ear, Nose, and Throat at the Mattel Childrens Hospital UCLA, used data from Los Angeles to reiterate this socio-economic trend. She noted that in Malibu, one of the citys wealthier areas, one elementary school reported that just 58 percent of kindergartners were vaccinated, as compared to 90 percent of all kindergartners across the state. Similar rates were found at other schools in wealthy areas, and some private schools had just 20 percent of kindergartners vaccinated.  Other unvaccinated clusters have been identified in wealthy enclaves including Ashland, OR and Boulder, CO. Anti-Vaxxers Trust in Social Networks, Not Medical Professionals So, why is this predominantly wealthy, white minority choosing to not vaccinate their children, thereby putting at risk those who are under-vaccinated due to economic inequality and legitimate health risks? A 2011 study published in  Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine  found that parents who chose to not vaccinate did not believe vaccines to be safe and effective, did not believe their children at risk of the disease in question, and had little trust in the government and medical establishment on this issue. The 2004 study cited above found similar results. Importantly, a 2005 study found that social networks exerted the strongest influence in the decision to not vaccinate. Having anti-vaxxers in ones social network makes a parent significantly less likely to vaccinate their children. This means that as much as non-vaccination is an economic and racial trend, it is also a cultural  trend, reinforced through the shared values, beliefs, norms, and expectations common to ones social network. Sociologically speaking, this collection of evidence points to a very particular habitus, as elaborated by late French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. This term refers, in essence, to ones disposition, values, and beliefs, which act as forces that shape ones behavior. It is the totality of ones experience in the world, and ones access to material and cultural resources, that determines ones habitus, and so cultural capital plays a significant role in shaping it. The Costs of Race and Class Privilege These studies reveal that anti-vaxxers have very particular forms of cultural capital, as they are mostly highly educated, with mid- to upper-level incomes. It is quite possible that for anti-vaxxers, a confluence of educational, economic, and racial privilege  produces the belief that one knows better than the scientific and medical communities at large, and a blindness to the negative implications that ones actions may have on others. Unfortunately, the costs to society and to those without economic security are potentially quite great. Per the studies cited above, those opting out of vaccines for their children put at risk those who are unvaccinated due to limited access to material resources and health care- a population composed primarily of children living in poverty, many of whom are racial minorities. This means that wealthy, white, highly educated anti-vaccination parents are mostly putting at risk the health of poor, unvaccinated children. Viewed this way, the anti-vaxxer issue looks a lot like arrogant privilege running rogue over the structurally oppressed. In the wake of the 2015 California measles outbreak, the American Academy of Pediatrics released a statement urging vaccination and reminding parents of the very serious and potentially fatal outcomes of contracting preventable diseases like measles. Readers interested in learning more about the social and cultural trends behind anti-vaccination should look to  The Panic Virus  by Seth Mnookin.

Simple Network Management Protocol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Simple Network Management Protocol - Essay Example For instance, network operating on SNMP will be associated with three components i.e. managed devices, agents and network management system (NMS). A managed device can be any node configured with SNMP within the network. The primary task of these managed devices is to perform information management in order to publish the information on the NMS (Protocols guide: TCP/IP protocols: Application layer protocols: SNMP: Simple network management protocol. 2007). Example of managed devices includes routers, hubs, switches etc. Moreover, an agent is considered as an application that is installed in a managed device. In addition, an agent also translates information that will be compatible with SNMP. Furthermore, NMS publish information related to performance, power and any conflict that may occur between these managed devices on the network. Currently, there are three versions of SNMP, these versions share some commands and features that are described in the below table (Protocols guide: TCP /IP protocols: Application layer protocols: SNMP: Simple network management protocol. 2007): Management information base (MIB) is a component of SNMP that assist network engineers and managers to monitor the network functionality via interfaces. For instance, if an organization is developing a new application that will be administered remotely, the developer will integrate a MIB within the application. The MIB will illustrate information and variables for generating alerts (SNMP overview, n.d). Moreover, RFC1213-MIB is also referred as MIB 2, it is compatible with all SNMP agents that may operate on TCP/IP supported devices. The MIB-2 management group is essential, as SNMP supported devices must support MIB-2, in order to work adequately (A closer look at MIB-II (essential SNMP, n.d)). The MIB file hosts a sketch that is associated with the object hierarchy on the network device along with ID of the object i.e. OID, permissions and syntax for every single variable.  

To design, conduct and report on a marketing research project of your Essay

To design, conduct and report on a marketing research project of your choice - Essay Example This paper seeks to find out what magic formula Red Bull has, making its competitors trail in its wake as well as the approach taken by Euroshopper to brand awareness. Apart from answering the two questions, this paper shall also seek to compare the above two products based on; taste, price, energy difference and their core markets. Red Bull is synonymous with the energy drink market. It is encountered in action sport. From the Red Bull air race, to the Red Bull cliff diving championship and even the Red Bull formula 1 team. It is keen to live up to its reputation as a drink that ‘gives you Wings’. As a result, brand awareness of Red Bull is vast among its fans (Jonny n.d). The taste of Red Bull is distinct from those of other products in the energy drink market. The same way Coca Cola is distinguishable from all other ‘Colas’ in the soft drinks market. On the other hand, the taste of Euroshopper has variously been referred to as ‘bitter’ and ‘not smooth’. This scenario calls for blind folding. Blind fold testing has been dismissed by critics as belonging to the ‘blind consumer,’ but its continued usage reliability can not be ignored. It is partly down to this distinct taste that Red Bull has kept its hold of the market (Mintel Press Release, 2011 ). The way both companies approach pricing leaves a lot to be desired. Red Bull charges a premium price for its product. Its high prices are necessitated by brand association. On the contrary, Euro shopper charges much lower prices for its product, precisely a third of what an equivalent amount of Red Bull costs. This is also a reasonable step since customers are never ready to pay expensively for a new product which they are not familiar with. Red Bull is better value for money, in terms of the energy levels that its products guarantee. Euroshopper is not far behind, but still the deficit is palpable when compared to its

Digital Forensic Computers Forensic Forensic Models Information Technology Essay

Digital Forensic Computers Forensic Forensic Models Information Technology Essay Today the increasing number of computer and electronics components has demanded the use of Digital forensic showing that the digital forensics can be implemented in specialized fields of law enforcement, computer security, and national defense. In the information technology period, information stored in the devices are digital as mostly the institution or organization use computer storage media as compare to paper used by writers, scholars, scientists, musicians, and public figures. This gives new challenges to these concern persons related to accessing and preserving information, data recovery and maintaining trust. In this article, review of the currently available investigation processes, methodologies, different tools used by forensics experts and finally a conclusion will be done. Keywords Digital Forensic, Computer Forensic, Forensic Models, Computer Forensic Investigation, Digital Forensic Methods, Forensic Techniques, Forensic Tools Introduction Digital forensics is the branch of forensic involving the recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices due to incident of computer crime occurrence. Digital forensic is a synonym for the computer forensic in early start but today it includes other area of investigation like computer, database, and network, mobile which are capable of storing digital data. Due to much advancement in various types of technology devices, media, digital forensics has defined the sub branches according to the investigation required. One of the digital forensics branches are Computer forensics, Mobile device forensics, Network forensics, Forensic data analysis and Database forensics. Computer forensics involves the examination of the digital media stored in the computers for investigation purpose, mobile forensic is recovery of digital evidence from a mobile device, network forensic is the getting evidence related to network traffic, information gathering or evidence collection of intrusion detection, forensic data analysis is investigate the pattern of fraudulent action using structure data while the final one is database forensic is the study of databases and their metadata including the its contents, log files and in-RAM data investigation. When the computer forensic is in consideration usually three different sets of people from Law Enforcement agencies, Military, Business Industry are involved with the intention of tracking down attackers/hackers and criminals who attack the security of systems and use computers for unauthorized activities. Computer Forensic address the issues of National and Information Security, Corporate Espionage, White Collar Crime, Child Pornography, Traditional Crime, Incident Response, Employee Monitoring, Privacy Issues. In the following this paper start with investigation phases, methods and techniques and tools how this information helps the novice in the computer, network, mobile and database forensic. Forensic Methodologies à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Phases of Computer Forensic Before discussing the forensic methodologies one should be familiar with the few terms of forensic terms. One of them is forensic evidence. A brief overview of evidence, categorization, rules, standard guide, and its basic principles in order to ensure the chain of custody will be outlined. Evidence is any item or information gathered at the scene of a crime, or at related locations, which is found to be relevant to an investigation. There are many different types of evidence, from DNA and tire marks, to bloodstains and fingerprints Evidence should be Admissible, Authentic, Complete, Reliable and Believable. Evidence chain of custody protects its integrity. It can be categorized as primary (best type evidence using documentation), secondary (Oral or eye witness), direct, conclusive, circumstantial, corroborative and opinion evidence. There are guides available for Computer Based Evidence e.g. By Association of Chief Police Officers. During evidence collection following principle should be strictly followed by investigator There should be no change of data on a computer or other media taken Person should be competent while accessing original data held on a target computer Audit trail or other record of all processes applied to computer-based evidence should be created and preserved. He will ensure the law and principles of possession and access to information contained in a computer. So many forensic investigation processes have been developed till now. The objective in this paper is to make the forensic investigation process or model with common phases of forensic to perform the intended investigation as compared to others model. Few models that exist are mentioned below. Computer Forensic Investigative Process (1984) Abstract Digital Forensics Model (ADFM) (2002) Enhanced Digital Investigation Process Model (EDIP) (2004) Computer Forensics Field Triage Process Model (CFFTPM) (2006) Scientific Crime Scene Investigation Model (2001) Common Process Model for Incident and Computer Forensics (2007) Network Forensic Generic Process Model (2010) Here is the generic investigation process namely the Generic Computer Forensic Investigation Model (GCFIM) proposed in this article that share the common phases with previously developed models. Figure below, demonstrate the proposed GCFIM. Model (GCFIM).JPG Pre Process is the first phase of Generic Computer Forensic Investigation Model. In this phase the tasks are linked to other tasks that required to be completed before the investigating and collecting the official data. These tasks are having the required approval from concern authority, preparing and setting up of the tools to be utilized, etc. Acquisition and Preservation is the second phase of Generic Computer Forensic Investigation Model. In this phase tasks performed related to the acquiring and collecting evidence in acceptable manner in which concern data is together base on the accepted methods utilizing a variety of recovery techniques, then the task is identifying the digital components from the acquired evidence, and finally in this phase the tasks are transporting, storing and preserving of data such as creating a good quality case management and ensuring an acceptable chain of custody. Overall, this phase is where all concern data are captured, stored and presented for the next phase. Analysis is the third phase of Generic Computer Forensic Investigation Model. This is the core and the heart of the forensic investigation process. It has the largest part of phases including the tasks such as evidence tracing and validation, recovery of hidden or encrypted data, data mining, and timeline etc. Different types of analysis are performed on the acquired data using the appropriate tools and techniques to recognize the source of crime and eventually discovering the person accountable of the crime. Presentation is the fourth phase of Generic Computer Forensic Investigation Model. The finding from analysis phase are documented and presented to the authority with expert testimony. The documentation presented also includes the adequate and acceptable evidence in order to understand by the concern party easily. The final outcome from this phase is either to prove or disprove the alleged criminal acts. Post-Process is the last phase of Generic Computer Forensic Investigation Model. This phase concerns only the appropriate finishing of the investigation work. Digital and physical evidence should be appropriately handed over to the authorize owner and kept in secure place, if required. Finally but not the last, if there is a need to review the investigative process in each phase it should be done for the perfection of the future investigations. Challenges during Forensic Investigation There are some technical, legal, resource as well as general and specific challenges during the investigators face. Technical challenges are faced in finding the criminals over the internet; legal challenges are the result of not competitive with the currently technology, social environment and structure while the challenges in resources that the support should be available in all levels. The challenges that are faced during computer forensic in general and specific are the tools or techniques limitation from the private sector, no standard definition and agreements of computer crime, no proper background availability to perform testing, huge number of Operating System platforms and file formats due to which unavailability of experts with true titles. Other than these challenges during investigation it may take large space of memory from Gigabytes to Terabytes or even may require the storage area network. For computer forensic expert it is also challenging to have the expertise in RA ID level, embedded system along with Network and Grid computing. Forensic Tools Now in the following few of the forensic tools in the domain of computer, network, mobile, database and some others are briefly described. Reason for Using Computer Forensics Tools There are multiple reasons for choosing the computer forensics tools like systems utilized by the defendants and litigants, to recover the lost data in case of hardware or software malfunction, to investigate about the computer usage in case of employee termination or when the system is attacked by an intruder. To investigate computer crimes different computer forensic tools like disk imaging software for the file structure and hard disk content can be used, for comparing the data between original and copy Hashing tools can be used which assigns unique number for violation verification and for recovery the lost data or deleted data recovery programs can be used. Similarly software and hardware write tools can be used to reconstruct the hard drive bit by bit as these tools generate the copy of hard disk. Encase is well know commercial tool that can perform various tasks like disk imaging and verification and analysis of data while PC Inspector File Recovery is a free tool helps in revealing and recovering the contents stored in any type of storage media that is connected with the computer even if the content is deleted. Network forensics Network forensics deals with the capture, recording or analysis of network events in order to discover evidential information about the source of security attacks in a court of law. There is a tool known as eMailTrackerPro that can track down the sender message by detecting the IP address in the header. If there is a need to view all information like IP address, country information or domain information SmartWhoIs can be used as free available network utility. To perform the web forensic famously known tool Mandiant Web Historian can help forensic examiner to verify how the intruders looked into the different sites by reviewing the history files of web site. Other tool Index.dat can be used to view the browsing history, the cookies and the cache as it gives the critical information about a cookie like its key-value pair, the website address associated with the cookie, the date/time the cookie was first created and last accessed and etc. Ethereal is network packet analyzer, WinPcap is the packet capture tool used to capture the packets and AirPcap is the packet capture tool for the IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless LAN interfaces. Mobile Forensics Mobile forensics as the name implies is to investigate data from mobile device for evidence purpose regardless of the mobile system of GSM / GPRS / WIFI technology. Investigator concentrate on either call data or SMS/Email data with the help of different commercial, non commercial, open source, command line or physical mobile forensic tools. The forensics process for mobile devices differ in these three main categories: seizure, acquisition, and examination/analysis while other aspects of the computer forensic process still apply. Some Commercial Forensic Tools include AccessDatas MPE+, FINALMobile Forensics by FINALDATA, Oxygen Forensic Suite, while Open source tools include iPhone Analyzer, the Mobile Internal Acquisition Tool, and TULP2G plug-ins. Performing mobile forensic using command line System commands, AT modem commands and Unix command dd can be used. Database Forensic Tools used for database forensic are ACL, Idea and Arbutus as it is the forensic study of databases and their metadata. These tools record action in the documented form about the forensic expert on the database as he uses database contents, log files and in-RAM data. Still there is need to do research in this field to perform database forensic that demands skill experts. Conclusion The information provided in this article helps the reader with basic understanding of digital forensic and its branches with the aim to do further research in specific area of this field. Different Forensic methodologies are outlined in order to give the choice to forensic expert to choose this methodology or design his own process model. Further the different tools especially the open source one can enhance the forensic expert skills. Today the technology is advancing very rapidly and developing skills in multiple areas enhances the professional career and money value of the individual.

Oklahoma Bombing Speech Analysis

One of the top 100 speeches of all time was said by Bill Clinton, when he was addressing the memorial of the Oklahoma Bombing. This was said In 1995 when tragedy struck the lives of hundreds. Innocent women, men, and children were murdered for no apparent reason, and people needed someone to turn to. This person was Bill Clinton, he responded In ways of composure and emotion that just added to his already powerful speech; he addressed the Issues the correct way. He was given the almost Impossible task to piece the nation back together after this ragged.HIS goal was to mourn with the audience, but not to dwell on It, he wanted to try and help them to move on. HIS use of pathos, logos, and ethos added to the effectiveness of the speech. He began his speech by addressing the ones that were most effected, and then by addressing the rest of the world. He establishes himself and his credibility by not only being the president, but also being a father, a husband, a person. When he says â₠¬Å"Hillary and I also come as parents, as husband and wife, as people who were your neighbors for some of the best years of our lives.This builds his pathos and ethos and allows the audience to connect with him on a more personal, deeper level, knowing that he is just like the rest of them, that they share a common ground. This allows Clinton to talk to them, not above them. Immediately after this he uses the emotions of the audience to his advantage, through the use of pathos. He grieves and mourns with the audience; this is shown when he says â€Å"You have lost too much, but you have not lost everything,† everything being America. Clinton uses a quotation from a widowed mother that only helped the rhetorical sense of the speech.He quotes her by saying, â€Å"The anger you feel is valid, but you must not allow yourselves to be consumed by it. The hurt you feel must not be allowed to turn into hate, but instead into the search for Justice. † These words are powerful a s is, but the fact that they were spoken by someone who has experienced what they are going through cause the words to mean so much more. They listen to her words more the Clinton in my opinion, because she has been In their shoes. Another use of quotations Is when he quotes Mr†¦ Keating â€Å"If anybody thinks that Americans are mostly mean and selfish, they ought to come to Oklahoma.If anybody thinks Americans have lost the capacity for love and caring and courage, they ought to come to Oklahoma†. This helps the audience feel closer to the situation, they may grieve together, but they will also fight together, for Justice. He also fortifies his speech by the use of parallel structure and repetition In order to add to the aspect of persuasion. His use of repetition is seen when he says â€Å"We mourn.. We share†¦ We thank.. We pledge. † The use of we signifies that Clinton, as the president and as a friend will mourn with them. It means that in these times o re than ever we must come together as a nation.He uses repetition and parallel inspirational kind of tone to it, because of this the audience feels the need to stand up to evil and hatred, because good trumps evil any day. Another time we see this is through the â€Å"Who worked† sequence. This plays to the emotion of the audience and puts what has occurred into a reality. Lastly when he talks about planting the tree in honor of the children, this makes the audience believe and understand that he does care. Bill Clinton brought the nation together, and helped them move on when it was thought impossible.

Sigmund Freuds Personal Life and Theories - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2649 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/11/16 Category Psychology Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Sigmund Freud Essay Did you like this example? Abstract This paper is focused on the life of renowned psychologist Sigmund Freud and his contributions to Psychology. First, the paper is going to discuss his life, from early childhood in the streets of the Austrian Empire to his unfortunate death caused by cancer. Afterward, this paper will describe and analyze some of Freud’s different ideas and theories regarding his studies in Psychology. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sigmund Freuds Personal Life and Theories" essay for you Create order This section will include experiments Freud performed with his patients with their respective theory. In addition, each segment will include a personal insight into the theory and perchance a personal experience if relatable. To finalize the paper, there would be a concluding section that analyzes the impact of Freud in the field, the frequency of his studies in Psychology nowadays, and a personal note. Sigmund Freud: An Analysis on His Personal Life, Theories, and Impact In The Field of Psychology Personal Life Sigmund Freud, also known as the father of psychoanalysis, was an Austrian neurologist who later became a well-known theorist in the field of Psychology. His ideas formed a cutting-edge mentality towards the human mind, personality, and not to mention the development of therapeutic skills on talk therapy like dream association, free association, and transference to name a few. Freud is considered one of the most influential, yet controversial, minds of the twentieth century. Early Life He was born on May 6th, 1856 under the name Sigismund (which he later on changed to Sigmund) in a town in the Czech Republic, formerly known as Freiberg, Morovia during the Austrian Empire. At a young age, his family initially moved to Leipzig, Germany but later transferred to Vienna, Austria, possibly because his father was a merchant. His family was Jewish but Freud himself wasn’t practicing the religion. He spent the majority of his life in Vienna and obtained his education in the city. Education Freud was initially homeschooled but later he was admitted at the Spurling Gymnasium, where he excelled in all of his classes and graduated with a Summa Cum Laude or the highest distinction. He later became a student at the University of Vienna in 1873. As a college student, his research was mostly concentrated on neurobiology, especially the nervous tissue of animals and humans, and the biology of the brain. In 1881, Freud obtained his degree in medicine giving him recognition as a talented physician. After his studies, Freud started working at the Vienna General Hospital. Early Career and Accomplishments His early career was influenced by his collaboration with Dr. Josef Breuer, in which they used hypnosis to help patients recall traumatizing experiences. Breuer was known for his discovery that stated when patients talked about their symptoms without any reservations, said symptoms will begin to diminish. In 1885, Freud went to Paris to study under famed French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. At the time under his mentorship, Freud was interested in the emotional disorder known as hysteria, or the exaggerated emotion of excitement. The following year, Freud decided to focus on nervous and brain disorders and with little delay, he set up a private practice. In addition, he married Martha Bernays, whom he fathered 6 children, one of them, Anna Freud, followed the footsteps of her father and became a famous psychoanalyst herself. With his former mentor Dr. Josef Breuer, they worked in the case study of Anna O, whose real name was Bertha Pappenheim. She was suffering from tactile a nesthesia, paralysis, and nervous coughs. Both neurologists hypothesized that the reason for her symptoms came from her recalling traumatic memories over the period of time they treated Pappenheim. Ultimately, they concluded there wasn’t any physical illness that made Bertha this way. However, they did discover that talking to her about her difficult experiences decreased her symptoms. Pappenheim coined this the â€Å"talking cure.† In 1895, Freud and Breuer published their work titled Studies in Hysteria. After working for a long time, Dr. Josef Breuer decided to part ways from Sigmund Freud due to the fact he felt that Freud was too concentrated on the sexual origin of a person’s mindset and wasn’t capable to exploring different perspectives on the matter. This didn’t stop Freud, however, and continued to develop his own theories. He developed a theory that expressed the constant conflict between the innate sexual and aggressive impulses an d the defenses against them in our unconscious. Throughout 1897, Freud began to examine himself in a thorough manner. By the year 1900, he published his most recognizable work under his name The Interpretation of Dreams. Such work explained how dreams serve as a method of communication from our unconscious mind to expose our desires and experiences. Formation of the International Psychoanalytic Association Freud received the title of Professor of Neuropathology in the University of Vienna from 1902 to 1938. Even though his theories weren’t agreed by many at the time, he still managed to influence pupils that eventually founded the International Psychoanalytic Association with Carl Jung as president in 1910. Jung was a close acquaintance of Freud but eventually decided to move on from him and began to propose his own theories. Final Accomplishments and Death Soon after the Great War, Freud shifted his focus to the application of his theories to literature, art, anthropology , and history. During 1923, he came up with a new published worked called The Ego and the Id. Freud proposes a new structure of the mind, which is divided into three parts: â€Å"Id,† Ego,† and â€Å"Superego.† He was diagnosed with cancer of the jaw this same year. Around the time Nazism was becoming a forceful political power in Europe, They publicly burned Freud’s books. And, in 1938, Freud had to flee to England with his wife and daughter Anna due to the fact it was annexed to Nazi Germany and they would have been politically persecuted by the Nazis. After 30 painful surgeries during this stressful times, Freud passed away on September 23rd, 1939 in Hampstead, United Kingdom. Freudian Theories Freud’s career as a neurologist mostly consisted of finding ways to unpack what we call the unconscious due to the fact it was believed that it holds the hidden formation and precepts of human personality. The Case of Anna O. as previously referred, the case of Anna O (or Bertha Pappenheim) had an immense impact in Psychology and a turning point of Freud’s career. She was diagnosed with hysteria, a condition in which a patient shows physical symptoms when having a mental issue rather than an organic issue. Freud and former mentor, Dr. Josef Breuer realized that she had developed a fear of drinking when she witnessed a dog she wasn’t very fond of drink from her glass during their therapeutic sessions. In addition, the pair realized that her other symptoms were caused by Bertha taking care of her sick father. She wasn’t able to discuss her anxiety for her illness but later on, she was able to do so through the use of psychoanalysis. Her paralysis came to an end as soon as she was given the opportunity to express her unconscious thoughts. An important note to consider is the fact that even though Anna O. was considered one of Freud’s â€Å"patients,† the two never actually met in person. Ultim ately though, both neurologists published the book called Studies of Hysteria in 1895. Freud proposed that deeply repressed memories can be manifested in physical symptoms. However, he expressed his belief that the actual cause of Bertha’s hysteria was the result of the sexual abuse she experienced at a young age. Yet, this idea made Breuer part ways with Freud and end their personal and professional relationship. Still, Anna O’s case study allowed Freud to obtain information that was beneficial for his future theories on therapy and psychoanalysis. In my personal opinion, I believe that if Freud was capable to look beyond his personal perspective on the case, both Breuer and he would have found even more in-depth characteristics to the human psyche and quite possibly a scientific evidence to support their claims (beyond recording their case study). The Unconscious Mind Even though Sigmund Freud wasn’t the first person to invent the idea of a conscious mind versus an unconscious one, He heavily popularized the idea and doing so placed him as one of the most famous theorists of his time. Between 1900 to 1905, Freud constructed a landscape of the mind. In this topographical model, he described the characteristics of the mind’s structure with their respective functions. He used his famous iceberg analogy to do so. The iceberg is divided into three: The conscious, the subconscious, and the unconscious. The Conscious On the tip of the iceberg, we can find this level of the human mind. Here lie all the thoughts that we perceive and are the focus of our attention throughout our lives. Freud expressed the fact that this part of the mind is small compared to the other two. The Subconscious This level serves as a border between the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. Freud stated that we can find the memories and stored knowledge in this barrier of the mind. In simple terms, this level would allow us to be aware of it if we chose to do so (by recalling memories and things of the sorts). The Unconscious The final level and most significant level based on Freud is the unconscious part of the mind. It serves as an archive of primitive impulses and wishes deep down in the mind and are controlled by the preconscious area. This includes but is not limited to sexual and aggressive instincts, fears, unacceptable sexual wishes, violent motives, irrational desires, immoral urges, selfish needs, shameful memories, traumatic experiences, etc. In 1915, Freud discovered that some desires and events from his patients were too painful for them to acknowledge them and therefore were placed in the unconscious mind. The process of that happening was coined repression (further discussed in Defense Mechanisms) Freud’s obsession with the unconscious lead to him hypothesizing that it controls behavior to a greater degree than originally thought by others. This allowed his methods of psychoanalysis to be beneficial for his theories. In retrospection, I can understand where Freud was coming fro m with his focus on the unconscious. It is difficult, if not impossible, to target one specific reason as to why one behaves a certain way. Because of that fact, Freud hypothesizes allowed us to look more in-depth to the psyche of human beings and formulate ideas that eventually became the standard in the field of Psychology. The Psyche In 1923, Sigmund Freud developed a more expansive model of the mind. This new model included the entities of Id, Ego, and Superego. The three aren’t any physical parts of the brain but rather conceptualizations that helped describe important mental functions and they are considered significant parts in the human personality scheme. Id The Id is the part of our personality that is in charge of instincts and primitive behavior. The Id consists of all the biological (or inherited) parts of our personality present when we are born, which include the life (sex) instinct, Eros (which has the libido), and the death (aggressive) instinct. Its function remains infantile throughout a person’s life and does not change no matter how much time has passed or experienced has been gained. It is not influenced by logic or reality due to the fact the Id is found in the unconscious part of the mind. Ego The ego works as a mediator between the external world and the Id. The ego is in charge of the decision-making processes found in one’s personality. The way the ego operates is based on the principle of working out realistic and reachable methods to please the Id’s necessities. It functions on social realities, norms, rules, and etiquettes when it comes to deciding how to act. However, in comparison to the Id, the ego is relatively weaker and the best course of action is to point out the Id the best direction to take and making the Id think like it was its idea in the first place. Superego The superego uses the morals and values taught by one’s parents that are implemented in society. The main function of the superego is to command the id. In addition, It tries to persuade the ego to achieve moralistic goals and try to reach perfection. The superego has two systems: the ideal self and the conscience. The ideal self is an imaginary depiction on an ideal self, which includes how you behave around people and society, and career aspirations. The conscience is the part of the mind that can punish the ego for doing something that isn’t in the ideal self by implementing feelings of guilt. On the other hand, if we behave appropriately then the superego will reward us with a sense of proudness. This new model of the mind in my opinion highly visualizes the events that have no explanation that happens in our brains. However, I do feel that this model is a stretch to the previous model and overall confusing with the interconnection of the three parts of the hum an psyche. Defense Mechanisms Defense mechanisms are psychological methods found in the unconscious that are used in order to protect a person from unacceptable thoughts or feelings that cause anxiety. Freud stated that defense mechanisms are put in motion by the ego of a person in order to deal with problems and conflicts in one’s life. There are 6 defense mechanisms: Repression, Denial, Projection, Displacement, Regression, and Sublimation. Repression This defense mechanism puts a barrier between the conscious and the unconscious so the threatening thoughts do not escape into the conscious part of our brain. This is put in motion by our ego. Denial This involves a person refusing to have experienced a certain event when such a situation is too much to handle and thus blocks external events from reaching awareness. Projection In this defense mechanism, we can see an individual attributing their unacceptable feelings, thoughts, and emotions to another person. Displacement Displacement is put in motion when we try to satisfy an inherent impulse with something else. This could be an object, activity, etc. Regression This happens when one moves to a psychological stressful time in times of stress. We can see this in infants that used to suck on their thumb but do so again when they have to go to the hospital. Sublimation Similar to displacement, this serves to substitute a certain impulse with something else. However, such item of substitution is acceptable in society and that makes it differ from displacement. For instance, playing a sport is a perfect way to put our emotions in a productive way. I find interesting Freud’s defense mechanisms because it is something I have done in the past before. An example of me implementing one of the defense mechanisms would be sublimation. When I used to be depressed, I decided to start working out instead of drowning in my own thoughts, I pursued working out as an alternative that was socially acceptable. Conclusion and Evaluation Sigmund Freud has definitely been a mind to be recognized in the field of psychology due to his mayor influence in the field. Because of his research, we have open up discussions regarding mental health and accepting the fact that not all psychological problems have to come from a physical reason. Using talking as a door to open up major psychological breakthroughs caused an improvement in psychotherapy. However, we need to keep in mind that Freud’s theories are excellent at explaining but not necessarily predicting a behavior, which is the ultimate goal of scientific research. Therefore, his theories are unfalsifiable and highly scientific. Not to mention he was extremely biased in his interpretations. Yet, Sigmund Freud was ahead of his time and he helped ignite a spark that became the bonfire we call psychology.